At the core of science is a commitment to rigorous reasoning, method, and the use of evidence. The final session of the workshop was designed to take a step back from the specific issues of how ...

Real-world data (RWD) is increasingly used for causal inference in healthcare research, but generating credible, decision-ready insights requires more than access to data. It demands intentional ...

The FA's case was circumstantial. Betting clusters in Brazil on Paquetá to be shown yellow cards were said to support an “irresistible inference” of fixing. The Commission took a different view.

A: Circumstantial evidence does not directly prove an element of the alleged misconduct, but provides information from which the trier of fact may draw reasonable inferences to reach a conclusion, or ...