In order for an op amp to output a linear voltage, the input signal must be within the device’s input common-mode range specification (V CM) and the output must be within the device’s output swing ...

In the past, the term instrumentation amplifier (INA) was often misused, referring to the application rather than the device’s architecture. INAs are related to op amps, in that they’re based on the ...

In the first article about measurement systems we looked at sensors as a way to bring data into a measurement system. I explained that a sensor measures physical quantities which are turned into a ...

The most common device for the measurement of load, pressure, torque, and even piezo-resistive (low frequency) acceleration is the strain gauge transducer. As a transducer, which converts a measured ...

Instrumentation amplifiers (in-amps) show up in a broad spectrum of applications: measuring heart signals, factory monitoring equipment, aircraft controls, and even animal tagging. Engineers have ...