Although epistasis is an important phenomenon in the genetics and evolution of complex traits, epistatic effects are hard to estimate. The main problem is due to the overparameterized epistatic ...

A penalized maximum likelihood method has been proposed as an important approach to the detection of epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, this approach is not optimal in two special ...

Identify characteristics of “good” estimators and be able to compare competing estimators. Construct sound estimators using the techniques of maximum likelihood and method of moments estimation.