Rate of return represents the percentage net gain or loss of an investment's initial cost over a period of time. The rate of return calculates the percentage change from the beginning to the end of a ...

Inflation not only erodes the purchasing power of the dollar, it also impacts borrowing costs and real economic returns on investment securities. For this reason, investors are wise to understand and ...

Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

XIRR, or extended internal rate of return, is a financial metric used to calculate the annualized rate of return for investments with irregular cash flows. Unlike simple return metrics such as ROI ...