Thin film technology focuses on the deposition and analysis of functional material layers on a substrate. These layers are essential building blocks in modern devices, like the microchips found in ...

Thin films play a crucial role in the fabrication of several components and devices, such as protective coatings, integrated circuits, solar cells, and optical ...

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Tokyo, Japan - Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used high power impulse magnetron scattering (HiPIMS) to create thin films of tungsten with unprecedentedly low levels of film stress ...

The state of the target varies with the parameters for the three sputtering modes, and the SMD consists of various voltage-current (V-I) curves at different nitrogen contents and sputtering currents.