Here’s a look at volcanoes, mountains that open downward to a reservoir of molten rock. More than 80% of the Earth’s surface, both above and below sea level, is of volcanic origin. Lava is molten rock ...

Rachel Beane receives funding from Bowdoin College and the National Science Foundation. She is affiliated with the Harpswell Heritage Land Trust. On Nov. 27, 2022, Mauna Loa – the world’s largest ...